The magnetic strength of each part of the magnet is weak, why is the surface magnetism of the edge of the magnet larger?
The most magnetic part of a magnet is called a pole, and a magnet has two poles (South S, North N).
There is "reluctance" in the magnetic force lines, and the magnetic force lines will be distributed along the direction of the less reluctance. For a magnet, the magnetic force lines will be distributed along the magnet, and present N and S poles at both ends. This is because the magnet is not a closed-loop circuit, and there is a break at the two poles. Therefore, the magnetic force lines of the magnet are concentrated at both ends, forming a closed magnetic force line through the air. , and the middle part is relatively sparse, so, macroscopically, the magnetic force at both ends is relatively large, and the middle part is relatively small.
The magnetic pole direction of a magnet depends on the magnetization direction when it is magnetized, that is, when it is magnetized. Generally speaking,
1. The two ends of the bar magnet are the strongest and the middle is the weakest.
A bar magnet can be regarded as many small magnetic needles arranged in the same direction. In the middle part of the magnet, the numbers of S and N poles are almost equal, and the magnetic force cancels out, so the magnetic force in the middle of the magnet is very small. The magnetic force of the small magnetic needles on both sides is not completely offset, so the magnetic force on both sides of the magnet is large. The lines of force are all parallel inside the magnet, so that the lines of force are perpendicular to a common plane inside the magnet, so the lines of force of the bar magnet all enter and leave the plane at both ends of the magnet. Cylindrical magnets are the same as bar magnets, with the strongest magnetism at both ends and the weakest magnetism in the middle.
2. The magnetism in the middle of the elliptical magnet is the strongest.
Since the two ends of the elliptical magnet have no planes, but form an elliptical spherical surface with the magnet, the entry and exit of horizontal magnetic force lines inside the magnet must be distributed on the elliptical spherical surface. That is, the magnetic force lines form countless bowstrings inside the elliptical magnet, and the closer to the middle, the larger the radius of the elliptical magnet, and the more bowstrings, that is, the more magnetic force lines that enter and exit. So the magnetism in the middle of the elliptical magnet is strongest.
3. The magnetism at the edge of the circular magnet is the strongest.
If the poles of a circular magnet are at the ends of the diameter of the circle, the magnetic field lines are similar to those of a bar magnet. If the magnetic poles are on both sides of the circular surface, it is similar to a circular solenoid. Generally speaking, the two end faces of a solid cylindrical magnet are N pole and S pole respectively. In this case, the distribution of its magnetic force lines is from the side of the N pole to the side of the S pole through the peripheral space, and the magnetic field is the strongest at the edge of the end face, and at the center of the circle. The magnetic field is weak. Individually, the magnetic poles of the cylindrical magnets may also be arranged on the side according to needs.
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